Mathematical Logic

• 26 hrs lectures
• 26 hrs exercises

The aim of the course is to acquaint students with the basic methods of reasoning in mathematics. The students will learn about general principles of predicate logic and, consequently, acquire the ability of exact mathematical reasoning and expression. They will understand the general principles of construction of mathematical theories and proofs. The course will contribute students to better acquiring logical reasonong in mathematics and thus to better understanding mathematical knowledge., 

The students will acquire the ability of understanding the principles of axiomatic mathematical theories and the ability of exact (formal) mathematical expression. They will also learn how to deduct, in a formal way, new formulas and to prove given ones. They will realize the efficiency of formal reasonong and also its limits.

Students are expected to have knowledge of the subjects General algebra and Methods of discrete mathematics taught in the bachelor's study programme.

• G. Metakides, A. Nerode, Principles of logic and logic programming, Elsevier, 1996

• E.Mendelson, Introduction to Mathematical Logic, Chapman&Hall, 2001
• A. Nerode, R.A. Shore, Logic for Applications, Springer-Verlag 1993

1. Introduction to mathematical logic
2. Propositions and their truth, logic operations
3. Language, formulas and semantics of propositional calculus
4. Principle of duality, applications of propositional logic
5. Formal theory of the propositional logic
6. Provability in propositional logic, completeness theorem
7. Language of the (first-order) predicate logic, terms and formulas
8. Semantic of predicate logics
9. Axiomatic theory of the first-order predicate logic
10.Provability in predicate logic
11.Prenex normal forms, first-order theories and their models
12. Theorems on compactness and completeness
13.Undecidability of first-order theories, Gödel's incompleteness theorems

Relational systems and universal algebras
1. Sentences, propositional connectives, truth tables,tautologies and contradictions
2. Duality principle, applications of propositional logic
3. Complete systems and bases of propositional connectives
4. Independence of propositional connectives, axioms of propositional logic
5. Deduction theorem and proving formulas of propositional logic
6. Terms and formulas of predicate logics
7. Interpretation, satisfiability and truth
8. Axioms and rules of inference of predicate logic
9. Deduction theorem and proving formulas of predicate logic
10. Transforming formulas into prenex normal forms
11.First-order theories and some of their models
12.Theorems on completeness and compactness
13. Undecidability of first-order theories, Gödel's incompleteness theorems

The course unit credit is awarded on condition of having attended the seminars actively and passed a written test. The exam has a written and an oral part. The written part tests student's ability to deal with various problems using the knowledge and skills acquired in the course. In the oral part, the student has ro prove that he or she has mastered the related theory.

The attendance at seminars is required and will be checked regularly by the teacher supervising a seminar. If a student misses a seminar due to excused absence, he or she will receive problems to work on at home and catch up with the lessons missed.

During teaching the students are in personal contact with the teacher.