Course details

Molecular Biology

MPC-MOL FEKT MPC-MOL Acad. year 2021/2022 Winter semester 6 credits

Current academic year

Molecular biology is an interdisciplinary branch of science (with biological, chemical, physical, medical, genetic overlaps). The aim of the course is to understand the structure and function of biological macromolecules and their mutual relationships in living organisms (prokaryotic vs eukaryotic organisms vs viruses), especially with respect to physiological and pathophysiological processes. Based on the knowledge of molecular biology, novel cutting-edge technologies, such as DNA and/or RNA technologies, have been developed.

Guarantor

Course coordinator

Language of instruction

Czech

Completion

Credit+Examination

Time span

  • 26 hrs lectures
  • 39 hrs laboratories

Department

Lecturer

Instructor

Subject specific learning outcomes and competences

The student will be able to:
- describe principles of processes in living organisms at molecular level,
- explain gene expression,
- describe principle of cell signalling,
- discus changes of genetic information,
- describe fundamental and basic methods of molecular biology.

Learning objectives

The aim of the course is to deepen the kowledge on the biology of nucleic acids, proteins and their mutual interactions.

Prerequisite knowledge and skills

The student should be able to explain fundamental principles of genetics, should know basic terms and principles of molecular biology. Generally, knowledge on the level of Bachelor study is required.
Work in the laboratory is subject to a valid qualification according to 50/1978 Coll. Students must acquire the qualification before the beginning of the course. The information on this qualification is given in the Dean's Directive Introducing students to safety regulations.

Study literature

  • Alberts et al.: Molecular biology of the cell. Garland Publ. 2004.

Syllabus of lectures

1. Introduction to study of molecular biology, genesis and development. Cell, chemical composition, chemical energy, proteins: structure and function, structure and function of nucleic acid.
2. Genetic information, genetic code, definition of gene, types of genes, structure and information content of genomes.
3. Replication of DNA (enzymes and mechanism).
4. Transcription of prokaryotes and eukaryotes, posttranscription of RNA.
5. Translation, transfer RNA, ribosomes, cotranslation and posttranslation processes.
6. Regulace genové exprese u prokaryot, struktura a vlastnosti promotoru, pozitivní a negativní regulace operonu, atenuace.
7. Regulace genové exprese u eukaryot, transkripční faktory, zesilovače transkripce. Buněčné dělení, kontrola buněčného cyklu
8. Molekulární základ tvorby imunitních molekul.
9. Buněčné signalizace (signální molekuly, receptory, signální dráhy). Struktura membrán, přenos látek přes membrány, komunikace mezi buňkami.
10. Změny genetické informace, mutace, obecná a místně specifická rekombinace, reparace mutačně poškozené DNA.
11. Mobilní elementy (prokaryotické a eukaryotické transpozony, retrotranspozony). Tkáně.
12. Základy genového inženýrství, příprava transgenních organismů a jejich využití, mutageneze in vitro, příprava biopreparátů metodami GI, genové terapie.
13. Základy použití biochemických metod v molekulární biologii.

Syllabus of laboratory exercises

1. Izolace DNA (kultivace a charakterizace buněčných kultur), příprava pro izolaci, izolační techniky a postupy
2. Gelová elektroforéza (metody založené na separaci nukleových kyselin na agarózových a polyakrylamidových gelech)
3. Restrikční štěpení (endonukleásové enzymy štěpící nukleové kyselin na fragmenty, praktické možnosti, RFLP)
4. Automatická čipová elektroforéza (hybridizační techniky, interakce nukleových kyselin s membránami, vizualizace).

Progress assessment

up to 40 points from laboratory exercises (1 written test, 12 reports and/or activities from laboratory exercises)
up to 60 points from finel oral exam
The exam is oriented to understand advanced terms of molecular biology.

Teaching methods and criteria

Teaching methods depend on the type of course unit as specified in the article 7 of BUT Rules for Studies and Examinations.

Controlled instruction

Laboratory and computer exercises are mandantory. Excused absence can be substituted.

Course inclusion in study plans

  • Programme MITAI, field NBIO, any year of study, Elective
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