Creation and detection of malicious synthetic media - a preliminary survey on deepfakes

Deepfakes present an emerging threat in cyberspace. Recent developments in machine learning make deepfakes highly believable and very difficult to differentiate between what is real and what is fake. Not only humans but also machines struggle to identify deepfakes. Current biometrics systems might be easily fooled by carefully prepared malicious synthetic media -- deepfakes. We provide an overview of deepfake creation and detection methods for selected visual and audio domains. We put specific emphasize on the open-source solutions. We discuss both facial and speech deepfakes, and for each domain, we define deepfake categories and differences between them and discuss available detection methods. For each deepfake category, we provide an overview of available open-source tools for their creation and datasets.